A Isici sokushisa samanziisebenza ngokuphusha ugesi ngekhoyili yensimbi. Le khoyili imelana nokugeleza, ngakho ishisa ngokushesha futhi ifudumeza amanzi. Cishe ama-40% amakhaya ase-US asebenzisa i-isifudumezi samanzi sikagesi. Ithebula elingezansi likhombisa ukuthi mangakanani amandla aIsici sokushisa samanzi ashisayoingasetshenziswa ngonyaka:
| Isilinganiso samandla (kW) | Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke (amahora) | Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwaminyaka Yonke (kWh) |
|---|---|---|
| 4.0 | 3 | 4,380 |
| 4.5 | 2 | 3,285 |
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
- Isici sokushisisa isifudumezi samanzi sisebenzisa ugesi ogeleza kukhoyili yensimbi ukudala ukushisa, okufudumeza amanzi ngendlela efanele futhi ngokuphepha.
- Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kanyeukugcina isici sokushisa, njengokuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamaminerali nokuhlola ukuxhumana, isiza i-heater ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside futhi isebenze kangcono.
- Ukugcinwa njalo kanyeusebenzisa uhlobo olulungile lwe-elementiyonga amandla, yehlise izindleko, futhi ugcine amanzi akho ashisayo ethembekile nsuku zonke.
Izingxenye ze-Elementi Yokushisisa Amanzi
Ikhoyili yensimbi noma induku
Inhliziyo yazo zonke izinto zokushisisa isifudumezi samanzi yi-ikhoyili yensimbi noma induku. Le ngxenye ngokuvamile yenziwa ngengxube ye-nickel-chromium, esiza ukushintsha ugesi ube ukushisa ngokushesha nangokulinganayo. Ukuklanywa kwekhoyili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqondile noma i-spiral, ithinta indlela eshisa ngayo amanzi. Amakhoyili aminyene angaletha ukushisa okwengeziwe kodwa angaguga ngokushesha uma engapholiswanga kahle. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nakho. Nakhu ukubuka okusheshayo kwezinto ezivamile kanye nezakhiwo zazo:
| Uhlobo Lwezinto | Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Izimpawu ze-Thermal Conductivity |
|---|---|---|
| Ithusi | Aphansi emanzini abolayo | Okuphezulu (ukushisisa okusheshayo) |
| Insimbi engagqwali | Kuphakathi kuya phezulu | Kuphakathi |
| I-Incoloy | I-Superior (ilungele amanzi aqinile) | Okumaphakathi ukuya phezulu (kuzinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu) |
Ikhoyili eyenziwe nge-Incoloy isebenza kahle emanzini aqinile ngoba imelana nokugqwala. I-Copper ishisa amanzi ngokushesha kodwa ayihlali isikhathi eside ezimeni ezinzima. Insimbi engagqwali inikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokuqina kanye nesivinini sokushisa.
Amatheminali kagesi
Amatheminali kagesi axhuma isici sokushisisa isifudumezi samanzi kugesi. Lezi zigxobo zensimbi ezincane ziphuma ethangini futhi zenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ugesi ungena ngokuphephile kukhoyili. Ukuxhumana okuhle kumatheminali kugcina ihitha isebenza kahle futhi kusiza ukuvikela izinkinga zikagesi. Uma amatheminali exega noma egqwalile, isici singase siyeke ukusebenza noma singaphephi. Amatheminali nawo asebenza ngokufaka ugesi ukuze ugesi ungangeni emanzini noma ethangini.
I-Insulation kanye ne-Sheath
I-insulation kanye ne-sheath yangaphandle ivikela isici sokushisa futhi isize ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside. Abakhiqizi bapakisha impushana ye-magnesium oxide iqine eduze kwekhoyili. Le nto igcina ugesi ngaphakathi kwekhoyili futhi ikhipha ukushisa emanzini. Umgodla, owenziwe ngezinsimbi ezifana nethusi, insimbi engagqwali, noma i-Incoloy, umboza okokufaka kanye nekhoyili. Ivikela i-elementi emanzini, kumakhemikhali, nama-bumps. Impahla ye-sheath efanele ingenza umehluko omkhulu ekutheni i-elementi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamanzi.
Ithiphu: Ukukhetha into efanelekile yesheath yohlobo lwakho lwamanzi kungasiza isici sakho sokushisisa isifudumezi samanzi sihlale isikhathi eside.
Indlela Isici Sokushisa Amanzi Esishintsha Ugesi Ube Ukushisa
Ukugeleza Kwamanje Kagesi
A Isici sokushisa samanziiqala ukusebenza ngokushesha nje lapho othile evula amandla. Amakhaya amaningi asebenzisa isekethe engu-240-volt kuma-heaters abo amanzi. Isici sixhuma kule sekhethi ngamatheminali kagesi aqinile. Lapho i-thermostat izwa ukuthi amanzi abanda kakhulu, ivumela ugesi ukuthi ugelezele engxenyeni. I-current ihamba ngekhoyili yensimbi noma induku engaphakathi kwethangi.
| Amandla kagesi (V) | Ububanzi be-Wattage (W) | Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile/Uhlelo lokusebenza |
|---|---|---|
| 240 | 1000 - 6000 | Izifudumezi zamanzi zokuhlala ezijwayelekile |
| 120 | 1000 - 2500 | Izishisi zamanzi ezincane noma ezisetshenziswayo |
Isici sokushisa esivamile samanzi endlini sisebenza ku-240 volts futhi singadonsa cishe ama-amps angu-10 uma silinganiselwe kuma-watts angu-2400. Idizayini ye-elementi ifana ne-voltage yokuhlinzeka kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ishisa amanzi ngokuphephile nangempumelelo. I-thermostat ilawula ukuthi i-elementi ivula noma ivalwa nini, igcina amanzi ekuzinga lokushisa elilungile.
Qaphela: Ngaso sonke isikhathi shintsha into yokushisisa ngeyodwa efana ne-voltage yasekuqaleni kanye namandla. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile kungabangela ukusebenza kabi noma kulimaze isifudumezi samanzi.
Ukumelana Nesizukulwane Sokushisa
Umlingo wangempela uyenzeka ngaphakathi kwekhoyili. Insimbi endaweni yokushisa ye-heater yamanzi imelana nokugeleza kukagesi. Lokhu kumelana kwenza ama-electron aqhuzuke kuma-athomu ensimbi. Ukungqubuzana ngakunye kwenza ama-athomu adlidlize ngokushesha, okudala ukushisa. Ososayensi babiza le nqubo ngokuthi i-Joule heat.
Inani lokushisa lincike ezintweni ezintathu: zamanje, i-voltage, nokumelana. Amafomula abukeka kanje:
P = I²R noma P = V²/RKuphi:
- P = Amandla (ukushisa okukhiqizwa, ngama-watts)
- I = Yamanje (kuma-ampere)
- V = Amandla kagesi (ngama-volts)
- R = Ukumelana (ngama-ohms)
Ukumelana okuphezulu ku-elementi kusho ukushisa okwengeziwe kukhiqizwa lapho kugeleza kwamanje. Yingakho ikhoyili isebenzisa ama-alloys akhethekile njenge-nickel-chromium. Lezi zinsimbi zinokumelana okulungile kokushintsha ugesi ube ukushisa ngaphandle kokuncibilika noma ukuwohloka.
Ithiphu: Ukumelana nesici sokushisisa nokukhethwa kwempahla kuqinisekisa ukuthi kushisa ngokwanele ukuze kufudumale amanzi kodwa akushisi kangangokuthi kushe ngokushesha.
Ukudlulisa Ukushisa Emanzini
Uma ikhoyili ishisa, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka lokho kushisa emanzini. Isici sokushisa isifudumezi samanzi sihlala ngaphakathi kwethangi, sizungezwe amanzi. Ukushisa kuhamba ukusuka endaweni yensimbi eshisayo kuye emanzini apholile ngokuhambisa. Ukuma kwe-elementi, ngokuvamile okuyi-spiral noma iluphu, kuyinikeza indawo engaphezulu ukuze ithinte amanzi futhi idlulise ukushisa ngokushesha.
| I-Heat Transfer Mechanism | Incazelo | Iqhaza Ekudluliseleni Ukushisa Emanzini |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuqhuba | Ukushisa kuhamba ngokuqondile ku-elementi kuye emanzini ngokuthintana. | Indlela enkulu yokushisa isuka entweni iye emanzini. |
| I-Convection | Amanzi afudumele akhuphuka, amasinki wamanzi apholile, okwenza ukunyakaza okuxubile okuthambile. | Isabalalisa ukushisa ethangini lonke, ivimbele izindawo ezishisayo. |
| Imisebe | Umphumela omncane kakhulu emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile e-heater yamanzi. | Akubalulekile ekushisiseni kwamanzi. |
Njengoba amanzi eduze kwe-elementi eshisa, aba lula futhi akhuphuke. Amanzi apholile ayangena ukuze athathe indawo yawo. Lokhu kunyakaza kwemvelo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-convection, kusiza ukusabalalisa ukushisa ngokulinganayo ngethangi. Inqubo iqhubeka kuze kube yilapho wonke amanzi efinyelela izinga lokushisa elibekiwe.
Isici sokushisa ngokwaso sisebenza kahle kakhulu. Iphendula cishe wonke ugesi ewusebenzisayo ekushiseni, cishe ngo-100%. Okunye ukushisa kungaphuma ethangini, kodwa i-elementi ayimoshi amandla ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa. Izifudumezi zamanzi zikagesi zishaya amamodeli egesi kule ndawo, njengoba izifudumezi zegesi zilahlekelwa amandla athile ngenxa yokukhipha umoya nokuvutha.
Uthi bewazi? Izinga lokudlulisa ukushisa kusuka entweni kuya emanzini lingashintsha njengoba amanzi eshisa kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, ukushisa kuhamba ngokushesha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, kodwa ngemva kwephuzu elithile, inqubo iyancipha ngenxa yezinguquko zokugeleza kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwethangi.
Ukusebenza Kwesici Sokushisa Amanzi nokuxazulula izinkinga
Ukwakhiwa kwamaminerali kanye nokukala
Ukwakhiwa kwamaminerali kuyinkinga evamile yezishisi zamanzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamanzi aqinile. Lapho amaminerali afana ne-calcium ne-magnesium ehlala endaweni yokushisa, akha ungqimba oluqinile, oluvikelayo olubizwa ngokuthi isikali. Lesi sendlalelo senza kube nzima ukuthi i-elementi idlulisele ukushisa emanzini. Ngenxa yalokho, i-heater isebenzisa amandla amaningi futhi ithatha isikhathi eside ukufudumala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikali esiwugqinsi singabangela ukushisa okungalingani, ukushisa ngokweqile, ngisho nokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwesici. Ezinye izinkinga zihlanganisa ukugqwala, ukugqwala, nezindleko eziphakeme zokulungisa.
Ezinye zezindlela zokuvimbela lezi zinkinga zihlanganisa:
- Ukugeza ithangi njalo ukuze kukhishwe inzika.
- Ukushintsha i-anode rod ukumisa ukugqwala.
- Ukusebenzisa izinto ezithambisa amanzi noma izinto zokuvimbela isikali.
- Ukuhlela ukulungiswa kwaminyaka yonke ukuze kugcinwe yonke into ihamba kahle.
Ukunakekelwa njalo nokwelashwa kwamanzi kusiza ukunweba impilo nokusebenza kahle kwesifudumezi sakho samanzi.
Uhlobo lwe-elementi nokusebenza kahle
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokushisa kwamanzi zisebenzisa izakhi zokushisa ezihlukene, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwazo kungahluka. Izifudumezi zamanzi ezingenathangi zishisisa amanzi kuphela uma kudingeka, ngakho zimosha amandla amancane. Izifudumezi zamathangi esitoreji zigcina amanzi eshisa ngaso sonke isikhathi, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni ukushisa. Iphampu yokushisa kanye nezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zisebenzisa ugesi omncane futhi zivumelana nemvelo.
Nasi isiqhathaniso esisheshayo:
| Uhlobo lwe-heater yamanzi | Ukusebenza kahle Range | Isilinganiso Sezindleko Zonyaka |
|---|---|---|
| Abangenathangi | 0.80 - 0.99 | $200 - $450 |
| Ithangi Lokugcina | 0.67 - 0.95 | $450 - $600 |
| Iphampu Yokushisa | Phezulu | Ngaphansi kunogesi |
| Ilanga | Kufika ku-100% | N/A |
Izimpawu Zokuhluleka Kwesici
Isici sokushisa samanzi singahluleka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Ezinye izimpawu ongazibheka zihlanganisa:
- Amanzi angashisi ngokuphelele.
- Amanzi ashisayo aphuma ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokugeza.
- Ukuhiliza okungajwayelekile noma imisindo ephuma ethangini.
- Izikweletu zamandla aphezulu ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe.
- Amanzi aguqubala noma agqwalile.
- I-Circuit breaker ivame ukuhamba.
Izinto eziningi zokushisisa zihlala iminyaka engu-6 kuye kweyi-10, kodwa amanzi aqinile nokuntuleka kokunakekelwa kunganciphisa ukuphila kwazo. Ukuhlola okuvamile nokulungiswa okusheshayo kusiza ukugwema izinkinga ezinkulu kamuva.
Ukunakekelwa njalo kugcina izifudumezi zamanzi zisebenza kahle futhi konga imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanikazi bezindlu abaqondayo ukuthi isistimu yabo isebenza kanjani babona izinkinga kusenesikhathi, izikweletu eziphansi zamandla, futhi bagweme ukulungisa okubizayo. Ukukhetha amamodeli asebenzayo kanye nokulungisa i-thermostat kusiza ukunciphisa umthelela wendawo futhi kuqinisekisa amanzi ashisayo athembekile nsuku zonke.
FAQ
Umuntu kufanele ashintshe kangaki into yokushisisa amanzi?
Abantu abaningibuyisela isici sokushisanjalo eminyakeni eyisi-6 kuye kweyi-10. Amanzi aqinile angafinyeza ukuphila kwawo. Ukuhlola okuvamile kusiza ukubona izinkinga kusenesikhathi.
Ingabe umninikhaya angakwazi ukuhlanza i-mineral buildup kusukela kusici sokushisisa?
Yebo, bangakwazihlanza isicingokuyisusa bese uyicwilisa kuviniga. Lokhu kusiza ukuqeda isikali. Vala amandla kuqala.
Kwenzekani uma othile efaka i-elementi ye-wattage engalungile?
I-heater yamanzi ingase ingashisi kahle. Ingase ikhube i-breaker noma ilimaze ithangi. Hlala uqondanisa amandla we-elementi nesincomo somkhiqizi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2025