TL;DR — Uhlu Lokuhlola Amadokhumenti Okuphepha Kukagesi Ngokubuka Nje
Imibhalo emine ezofunwa ngamasiko aseJalimane ngezinto zokushisa ze-oven ye-toaster:(1) iSimemezelo Sokuhambisana se-EU esisebenzayo esibhekisela ku-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 kanye ne-LVD 2014/35/EU, esisayinwe ngummeleli ogunyaziwe womkhiqizi; (2) ifayela lobuchwepheshe lokumaka le-CE eliqukethe imibiko yokuhlola amandla e-dielectric ekhombisa ukumelana kwe-voltage okungu-≥2,000V/min kanye nokumelana nokushisa okungu-≥200MΩ; (3) Imibiko yokuhlola ukuhambisana kwe-RoHS 3 ehlanganisa zonke izinto eziyishumi ezinqunyelwe ezingeni lezinto ezifanayo —ngoba iziphathimandla zokuqapha imakethe zaseJalimane zenze ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo okungaphezu kuka-12,000 ngo-2024 kuphela, kanti amazinga okungalandeli imithetho yemishini kagesi adlula u-18%(4) isitifiketi sophawu lwe-GS esivela enhlanganweni yokuhlola egunyazwe yi-DGUV njenge-TÜV Rheinland noma i-VDE uma ufuna izinto zakho zokushisa zincintisane nabaphakeli abaphethe eJalimane asebevele benalo lolu phawu lokuzithandela.
Ngithumele amakhonteyina angu-47 amaningi ezinto zokushisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuma-OEM asekhishini lezentengiselwano laseYurophu eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule., futhi ngingakutshela ngokuhlangenwe nakho okunzima: ukwenqatshwa okuvame kakhulu emachwebeni aseJalimane akulona ukuhlolwa kwe-dielectric okuhlulekile — kungumbhalo ongaphelele noma ohlelwe ngendlela engafanele ophula uchungechunge "lokucatshangelwa kokuhambisana" lwe-EU. Isici sokushisa sidlula zonke izivivinyo zikagesi. Amaphepha ayahluleka. Isitsha sihlala eHamburg amasonto amathathu siqoqa izindleko zokunciphisa ugesi. Lesi sihloko sikuhambisa ohlwini lokuhlola oluqondile lwamadokhumenti engilusebenzisayoimikhiqizo yethunjalo uma umhlinzeki wekhishi lezentengiselwano waseJalimane efaka i-oda elisha.
Kungani Abahlinzeki Bekhishi Lezentengiselwano LaseJalimane Badinga Isu Elithile Lokubhala Imibhalo Yezinto Zokushisa
Imishini yasekhishini yezentengiselwano yaseJalimane isebenza ngaphansi kohlaka lokulawula olunezigaba ezihlukile oludlula kakhulu izidingo ze-EU eziyisisekelo - futhi ngikusho lokhu njengomuntu oye wahamba kuloluhlaka iminyaka eminingi.Nakuba ukumaka kwe-CE ngaphansi kwe-Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU kunikeza ithikithi lakho lokungena ngokusemthethweni emakethe eyodwa yaseYurophu, abathengi baseJalimane - ikakhulukazi labo abakhonza umkhakha we-HORECA (Ihhotela/Indawo yokudlela/Ikhefi) - bavame ukufuna imibhalo eyengeziwe ekhombisa isiko lokuphepha komkhiqizo kazwelonke waseJalimane. Ngihlale emihlanganweni yokuthenga eStuttgart lapho ingxoxo ishintshe khona kusukela ekucacisweni komkhiqizo kuya ekwakhiweni kwemibhalo ngemizuzu eyishumi yokuqala, futhi ngingakutshela: eJalimane, imibhalo yokuthobela imithetho akuyona into ecatshangwa kamuva - ngumkhiqizo.
Ngakufunda lokhu mathupha ngo-2019 lapho umsabalalisi wemishini yokudlela eseHamburg enqaba ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zethu zokushisa ze-oven ezimise okwe-U — hhayi ngoba zehlulekile noma yiluphi uvivinyo, kodwangoba iSimemezelo Sokuvumelana sibhekisele ku-EN 60335-2-9:2010 esikhundleni senguqulo yamanje yangaleso sikhathi, futhi amanani okumelana nokushisa abikwe ku-500V DC lapho inqubo yokuhlola ye-DGUV yomthengi idinga izimo zokulinganisa ze-1,000V DC.Izinto zokushisa zazifana ngogesi. Amaphepha ayengafani. Leso kwakuyisifundo se-€4,700 sokunemba kwamadokhumenti aseJalimane.
Imakethe yaseJalimane inezela izendlalelo ezintathu ngaphezu kokuthobela imithetho yesisekelo se-EU: uMthetho Wokuphepha Komkhiqizo (Imikhiqizonoma i-ProdSG), kusukela ngo-Ukuhlolwa kwe-DGUVizimfuneko zithi yonke imikhiqizo yabathengi kufanele ibe nobunikazi bomkhiqizi kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana; uphawu lwe-GS (I-Geprüfte Sicherheit), isitifiketi sokuzithandela kodwa esinqumayo kwezentengiselwano esidinga ukuhlolwa kwefektri yinhlangano egunyazwe yi-DGUV; kanye nezidingo zomshuwalense zomqhubi wekhishi lezentengiselwano, ezivame ukucacisa ukuthi izingxenye zokushisa kumele zibe nesitifiketi se-VDE noma se-TÜV njengombandela wokumbozwa kwesibopho.Ngenxa yokuthi izinqubomgomo zomshuwalense wesikweletu waseJalimane zamakhishi ezentengiselwano zivame ukudinga ukuthi zonke izingxenye zikagesi zibe nophawu lwe-GS oluvela enhlanganweni yokuhlola eyaziwayo, ukweqa lesi sitifiketi sokuzithandela kusho ukuthi izinto zakho zokushisa azikwazi ukufakwa emakhishini ezentengiselwano ane-inshuwalense.
Isiqondiso se-EU Low Voltage (2014/35/EU): Idokhumenti Yakho Yesisekelo
I-LVD ayiyona into ongayikhetha — iyisidingo esisemthethweni sokunamathisela uphawu lwe-CE kunoma iyiphi into yokushisa esebenza phakathi kuka-50V no-1,000V AC, futhi ngiyibheka njengedokhumenti eyodwa yokuthobela imithetho engaqondakali kahle phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezinto zokushisa baseShayina.Kuzinto zokushisa ze-toaster oven, ezivame ukusebenza ku-220-240V ezimisweni zaseYurophu, i-LVD isebenza ngokuphelele nangaphandle kwemibandela. Mina mathupha ngilungise amafayela obuchwepheshe e-LVD avela ezimbonini ezine ezahlukene zaseShayina ezazicabanga ngephutha ukuthi uphawu lwazo lwe-CE luhlanganisa ukuhambisana ne-LVD kuyilapho luhlanganisa i-EMC kuphela - ukungaqondi kahle engikubonile kubiza abangenisi izimpahla u-€12,000 noma ngaphezulu esenzweni sokulungisa.
Izidingo zokuphepha ezibalulekile zichazwe ku-Annex I ka-Isiqondiso 2014/35/EUfuthi ihlanganisa izizinda ezintathu: ukuvikelwa kokushaqeka kukagesi (Isigaba 2), ukuvikelwa kwengozi yokushisa (Isigaba 3), kanye nokuvikelwa kwethonya langaphandle (Isigaba 4).Ngesikhathi sokuqapha imakethe yaseJalimane, imfuneko ehlolisiswe kakhulu yiSigaba 2(b): ukuvikelwa okwanele ekulimaleni ekuthintaneni kukagesi okuqondile noma okungaqondile.
Ngihlala ngicela abathengi baseJalimane ukuthi baqinisekise izinto ezintathu kumadokhumenti okuhambisana ne-LVD: (1) ifayela lobuchwepheshe kumele libhekisele kuhlelo olujwayelekile oluthile — “EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023,” hhayi nje “EN 60335-2-9″ — ngobaIzinhlelo ezijwayelekile zezinkomba zamasiko zaseJalimane ngokumelene ne-EU Official Journal of harmonised standards(2) Isimemezelo Sokuhambisana kumele sisayinwe ngummeleli we-EU oqanjwe ngegama elinekheli langempela, hhayi nje elifakwe isitembu sefektri; (3) imibhalo yobuchwepheshe kumele ifake phakathi kwento yokushisai-voltage ekalwe, okokufaka amandla, kanye nekilasi lokufaka ugesingemibandela yokulinganisa echazwe ngokucacile.
EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 — Izinga Lokuphepha Eliqondene Ne-Toaster Oven
Le nqubo evumelanisiwe iyidokhumenti yobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kakhulu elawula ukuphepha kwezakhi zokushisa ze-toaster oven e-EU, futhi ngigcina ikhophi ephrintiwe yohlelo luka-2023 edeskini lami ngoba ngiyibhekisela okungenani kabili ngesonto. I-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023ihlanganisa izidingo ezithile zama-grill, ama-toaster, kanye nezinto zokupheka ezifanayo eziphathwayo, kanti uhlelo luka-2023 lwethule izinguquko eziningana zokuhlola okwadingeka ngizihlanganise nezinqubo zethu zokuhlola ukukhiqiza ngonyaka odlule.
Indinganiso idinga ukuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi ku-3,000V ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufudumala futhi iyalela ukuthi izinto zokushisa ezingenalutho zama-oven kufanele zibekwe kuphela phezulu kwegumbi elifudumele.Ngokombono wami wokuphathwa komkhiqizo, izidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 zento yokushisa i-toaster oven yilezi: Isigaba 13 — amandla okuvuza kanye namandla kagesi ekushiseni okusebenzayo, okudinga ukuthi amandla okuvuza angadluli ku-0.75mA kumadivayisi e-Class I anokufakwa kwamandla angaphezu kuka-0.75kW; Isigaba 16 — amandla okuvuza kanye namandla kagesi ngemva kokwelashwa komswakama (amahora angu-48 kumswakama ohlobene ongu-93%); kanye nesigaba 19 — ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okungajwayelekile, okuhlanganisa ukukhiya into yokushisa endaweni enikwe amandla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ilangabi, insimbi encibilikisiwe, noma igesi enobuthi ekhishwayo.
Ngoba uhlelo lwango-2023 lwethule imikhawulo emisha yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni zangaphandle ezifinyelelekayo — ecacisa ukuthi izindawo ezingaphakathi kwama-25mm ezikhala zomoya akufanele zidlule amanani eThebula 102 kanye nama-40K — abahlinzeki bezinto zokushisa kumele manje banikeze idatha yezithombe zokushisa ekhombisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa lomhlaba ngaphansi komthwalo olinganisiwe ophezulu.Ngihlanganise le mfuneko kuphrothokholi yethu yokuhlola ejwayelekile ku-I-Jingwei Heat: yonke into yokushisa ihhavini manje ithunyelwa nge-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 matrix yokuhlola ukuhambisana nemithetho ehlanganisa zonke izigaba eziyishumi zokuhlola eziphoqelekile. Uma umhloli we-TÜV womthengi wakho waseJalimane ecela umbiko wokuhlola umswakama we-Clause 16, uwuveza ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engama-60.
Ukumaka kwe-CE kanye neSimemezelo Sokuhambisana ne-EU: Lokho Umhlinzeki Wakho WaseShayina Okumele Akuhlinzeke
Uphawu lwe-CE ku-toaster oven heating element luyisimemezelo esisemthethweni esenziwe umenzi sokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke iziqondiso ze-EU ezifanele, futhi ngisayine iziMemezelo Zokuhambisana ezanele ukuze ngazi ukuthi wonke amagama akulowo mbhalo anesisindo esisemthethweni.Iziqondiso ezisebenzayo ngokuyinhloko yi-LVD 2014/35/EU, i-EMC Directive 2014/30/EU (yezinto zokushisa ezinezilawuli zokushisa ze-elekthronikhi), kanye ne-RoHS 3 Directive 2011/65/EU njengoba ichitshiyelwe yi-(EU) 2024/1416.
Ngithole ukuthi abathengi bamakhishi ebhizinisi aseJalimane baqine kakhulu kunabathengi abavela kwezinye izimakethe ze-EU lapho behlola amadokhumenti e-CE. Nakuba umsabalalisi waseFrance engase amukele i-PDF eskeniwe ye-DoC,Abathengi baseJalimane bavame ukucela: ifayela eliphelele lokwakha lobuchwepheshe elihlanganisa imidwebo yesekethe kanye nebhili yezinto zokwakha ezinokulandeleka komhlinzeki; amashadi okugeleza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza abonisa amasango okulawula ikhwalithi; kanye nemibiko yokuhlola evela eceleni evela elabhorethri egunyazwe yi-ISO/IEC 17025 — ngoba umthetho wesibopho somkhiqizo waseJalimane (Produkthaftungsgesetz) ubeka umthwalo wobufakazi kumngenisi, hhayi kumenzi, lapho isici somkhiqizo sibangela ukulimala.
Ngokuvumelana neIsiqondiso se-CETECOM mayelana ne-Low Voltage Directive, umenzi kumele futhi aqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo unohlobo, ibhetshi, noma inombolo yochungechunge evumela ukuhlonza — okuyisidingo engisibonile abahlinzeki baseShayina bengayinaki izikhathi eziningi kunalokho engingakwazi ukubala. Kwinto yokushisa, lokhu kuvame ukusho ukuqoshwa nge-laser kwekhodi yebhetshi kanye nesilinganiso se-voltage/amandla ngqo kwiphini elibandayo noma i-terminal flange.Isici sokushisa esingenazo izimpawu zokuhlonza ezihlala njalo sizokwenqatshwa emasikweni aseJalimane kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaphepha ahambisana naso aphelele kangakanani.
U-GS Mark (Geprüfte Sicherheit): Isiginali Yokuphepha Eyokuzithandela Kodwa Enquma Ngokwezentengiselwano
Uphawu lwe-GS lungokuzithandela ngokobuchwepheshe — kodwa ngokwesimo sokuthengwa kwekhishi lezentengiselwano laseJalimane, luyimpoqo ngempela, futhi angizukuthumela i-heat element kumthengi waseJalimane we-HORECA ngaphandle kwayo.Ngokungafani nophawu lwe-CE, oluncike ekuzibophezeleni komkhiqizi kokuvumelana, uphawu lwe-GS ludinga ukuhlolwa okuzimele komuntu wesithathu kanye nokubhekwa okuqhubekayo kwefektri yinhlangano yesitifiketi egunyazwe yi-DGUV njenge-TÜV Rheinland, i-TÜV SÜD, i-VDE, noma i-DEKRA. Ngiqondise amakhasimende amathathu aseJalimane e-OEM ngesitifiketi se-GS futhi ngingakutshela: ukuhlolwa kwefektri yingxenye enzima kakhulu, hhayi ukuhlolwa kohlobo.
NgokweIsiqondiso sesitifiketi se-GS sikaNemko, inqubo yokuqinisekisa ihilela: ukuhlolwa kohlobo lwesampula emele ngokumelene nezindinganiso ze-EN ezihambisanayo ezisebenzayo; ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwefektri ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yokukhiqiza; kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqapha kwaminyaka yonke ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuqhubekayo.Ukuze uthole i-toaster oven heating element, ukuhlolwa kwe-GS mark kudlulela ngale kwe-EN IEC 60335-2-9 ukuze kufakwe ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazela komshini — ngokuvamile imijikelezo yokushisa engu-5,000 yokuvula/ukuvala ku-120% we-voltage elinganisiwe — okulingisa cishe iminyaka emithathu yokusetshenziswa kwekhishini lokuhweba.
Ngiqondise amakhasimende amathathu aseJalimane e-OEM ngenqubo yokuqinisekiswa kophawu lwe-GS ngeimikhiqizo yethu yezinto zokushisa, futhi isikhathi kusukela ekufakweni kwesicelo kuya ekuqinisekisweni ngokuvamile singamaviki angu-8-12. Ukuqonda okubalulekile engabelana ngakho nekhasimende ngalinye elisha: qala uhlelo lokusebenza lophawu lwe-GS ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza, hhayi ngemuva, ngoba isampula yokuhlola uhlobo kumele ithathwe kumathuluzi okukhiqiza, hhayi kumathuluzi e-prototype.Uphawu lwe-GS olukhishwe ngokumelene namasampula e-prototype aluvumelekile ngokomthetho ngaphansi kwe-ProdSG, futhi iziphathimandla zokuqapha imakethe zaseJalimane zingasusa - futhi zikwenze - izitifiketi ze-GS ezitholwe ngokuthatha amasampula angafanele.
Ukuthobela Izinto Ezibalulekile: I-REACH, i-RoHS, kanye Nokuxhumana Nokudla Izinto Ezibalulekile
Izinto zokushisa kuma-oven e-toaster ezentengiselwano azibhekani nemithethonqubo yokuphepha kagesi kuphela kodwa futhi nemikhawulo yezinto zamakhemikhali ezithinta ngqo ukukhethwa kwezinto — futhi ngichithe amahora amaningi ngilandela imibhalo yokuthobela imithetho ye-RoHS evela kubaphakeli bethu bezinto zokusetshenziswa ngoba yilapho uchungechunge lokuthobela imithetho lubuthakathaka khona.I-RoHS 3 Directive ikhawulela izinto eziyishumi — kufaka phakathi i-lead (≤0.1% noma i-1,000 ppm ezingeni lezinto ezilinganayo), i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-hexavalent chromium, ama-PBB, ama-PBDE, kanye nama-phthalates amane (i-DEHP, i-BBP, i-DBP, i-DIBP) — futhi kusukela ngo-2026, ukukhululwa okuningana kwe-lead okubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokushisa sekusondele ekuphelelweni yisikhathi. Sengiqalile kakade ukuguqula izinqubo zethu zokubopha zibe ezinye izindlela ezingenayo i-lead ngoba angifuni amakhasimende ami abanjwe engalindele lapho ukukhululwa kwe-6c kuphelelwa yisikhathi ngo-2027.
Kubakhiqizi bezinto zokushisa, okubaluleke kakhulu okucatshangelwa yi-RoHS okuqukethwe yi-lead ku-alloy ye-nickel-chromium resistance wire kanye nezinto zokubopha ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwe-terminal. I-standard Ni80Cr20 resistance wire ingaqukatha i-trace lead njengesizo sokucubungula, kanyengoba ukuphoqelelwa kwe-RoHS eJalimane ezingeni lezinto ezifanayo kuqinile kunesilinganiso se-EU - kanti amanye amazwe aseJalimane enza ukuhlolwa kwe-XRF endaweni yokungenisa - ngidinga bonke abahlinzeki bethu bezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuthi banikeze imibiko yokuhlolwa kwelebhu egunyazwe yi-ISO 17025 yazo zonke izinto eziyishumi ze-RoHS 3 ngaphambi kokuthi samukele noma yiliphi ibhetshi lentambo yokumelana noma ishubhu lesheya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMthethonqubo we-REACH (EC) we-EU No 1907/2006 udinga ukubhaliswa kwezinto zamakhemikhali ezingaphezu kwe-1 tonne ngonyaka, kanti uhlu lwabazongenela i-SVHC manje luqukethe okufakiwe okungaphezu kuka-240. Kwezinto zokushisa ze-element sheath — i-Incoloy 800, i-SUS304, kanye ne-SUS321 — ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwe-REACH okuqukethwe yi-nickel (30-35% ku-Incoloy 800), okuhlukaniswe njengokuzwela isikhumba. Ngenkathi isimo sensimbi singabangeli ingozi yokuchayeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile, imibhalo yakho kumele ibonise ukuhambisana kokukhiqiza endaweni yokusebenza nemikhawulo yokuchayeka emsebenzini ye-EU.Ngigcina i-matrix yokuhambisana nezidakamizwa kuyo yonke ifomethi yethuikhathalogi yomkhiqizo, ukubhekisela okuphambene kwengxenye ngayinye ye-BOM ngokumelene nohlu lwakamuva lwe-REACH SVHC kanye nesizindalwazi sokukhululwa kwe-RoHS.
Ukumelana Nokushiswa Kwama-Insulation kanye Nokuqina Kwe-Dielectric: Imibiko Yokuhlola Abahloli BaseJalimane Abayifundile Ngempela
Uma kukhona ikhasi elilodwa kufayela lakho lobuchwepheshe elizohlolwa ngumhloli we-TÜV waseJalimane ngengilazi yokukhulisa, yi-resistance insulation kanye nombiko wokuhlolwa kwamandla e-dielectric — Ngiyazi ngoba bengisekamelweni lapho umhloli we-TÜV SÜD echitha imizuzu engama-45 ekhasini elilodwa lombiko wokuhlola.Lezi zinhlaka ezimbili ziyizinkomba eziyinhloko zokuphepha kukagesi kwe-element yokushisa, futhi kumele zibikwe ngezimo ezithile zokuhlola, hhayi nje ukudlula amanani. Ngifunde lesi sifundo ngendlela ebiza kakhulu: ukwenqatshwa kokuhlolwa kuka-2021 okwasibiza ukubambezeleka kokulethwa kwamasonto ayisithupha ngoba umbiko wethu wokuhlola ubonise amanani okumelana nokushisa ngaphandle kokusho i-voltage yokulinganisa.
Ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela yokuhlola evela ku-umugqa wethu wokukhiqiza izinto zokushisa ezifinniwe, nakhu okumele kufakwe umbiko wokuhlolwa ohambisana nemithetho yaseJalimane:Ukumelana nokushisa komoya esimweni somswakama: ≥200MΩ kulinganiswa ku-500V DC (hhayi ubuncane be-1MΩ obuvunyelwe yi-IEC 60335-2-9 — abathengi bezentengiselwano baseJalimane balindele umkhawulo ophezulu). Ukumelana nokushisa komoya ngemva kokuhlolwa kokushisa okumanzi kwamahora angu-48 (93% RH, 40°C): ≥30MΩ. Umswakama ovuzayo esimweni somswakama: ≤0.1mA (okuqinile ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunesisekelo se-0.75mA IEC). Amandla e-dielectric: 2,000V/min amelana ne-voltage ngaphandle kokuphuka noma i-flashover.
Ngifunde ukuthi kungani la manani athile ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwango-2021 lapho unjiniyela we-TÜV SÜD echaza ukuthi umkhawulo we-200MΩ — kunokuba ube yi-1MΩ encane — uqhutshwa yizindawo zokusebenza zasekhishini lapho umusi, umusi wamafutha, kanye namakhemikhali okuhlanza kudala iphrofayili yokucindezeleka kokushisa okunamandla kakhulu kunezimo zasekhishini zasekhaya.Ngenxa yokuthi ihhavini le-toaster lokuhweba ehhotela laseBerlin lingase lijikeleze izikhathi ezingu-200-300 ngosuku endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, uhlelo lokuvikela ukushisa luwohloka cishe izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngokushesha kunasekusetshenzisweni kwasekhaya - yingakho abathengi bezentengiselwano baseJalimane befuna amanani okumelana nokuvikela ukushisa aphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-200 kunobuncane be-IEC.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Oluphelele Lwemibhalo Yemvume Yesikweleti SaseJalimane
Nansi iphakheji yamadokhumenti engiyihlanganisayo yokuthunyelwa ngakunye kwaseJalimane.
Amadokhumenti adingekayo (ngaphandle kwalawa, ukuthunyelwa kwakho ngeke kuqede amasiko aseJalimane):
1. I-invoyisi yezentengiso— kumele kufakwe ikhodi ye-HS 8516.80 (ama-resistors okushisa kagesi), izwe lokuvela kulo (CN), isisindo esiphelele nesiphelele ngamakhilogremu, kanye nesimemezelo senani ngeyunithi ngayinye ngemali (EUR). Ikhodi ye-HS 8516.80 ibalulekile: ukuhlukanisa kabi izinto zokushisa ngaphansi kuka-8516.90 (izingxenye) kubangela izinga elihlukile lomsebenzi futhi kungabambezela ukusulwa ngezinsuku zokusebenza ezi-5-10.
2. Uhlu lokupakisha— kumele ihambisane kahle ne-invoyisi yezentengiselwano ngento yomugqa, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu bekhathoni, izinombolo zekhathoni, kanye nesisindo sekhathoni ngayinye ngaphakathi kokunemba okungu-±50g.
3. Ibhili Yokuthutha noma Ibhili Yokuhamba Ngendiza— ngempahla yomkhumbi eya eHamburg noma eBremerhaven, qiniseka ukuthi insimu yomthumeli ifana ncamashi negama lokubhalisa inombolo ye-EORI.
4. Isimemezelo Sokuhambisana Nemithetho se-EU— kusayinwe, kwabhalwa usuku, kubhekiselwa ku-EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 kanye ne-Directive 2014/35/EU, kanye nekheli lomzimba lommeleli ogunyaziwe we-EU oqanjwe ngegama (hhayi ihhovisi eliku-inthanethi).
5. Isitifiketi Sokumaka se-CE noma Umbiko Wokuhlola— kusukela elabhorethri egunyazwe yi-ISO/IEC 17025, ehlanganisa ukuhambisana kwe-LVD, EMC, kanye ne-RoHS.
6. Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kokumelana Nokushiswa Kwama-Insulation kanye Namandla E-Dielectric— ngeqembu ngalinye, hhayi ngomklamo ngamunye, ngezimo zokulinganisa ezichazwe ngokucacile (i-voltage, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, isikhathi sokuhlolwa).
Imibhalo enqumayo kwezentengiselwano (ngokuzikhethela ngokobuchwepheshe, kodwa edingwa cishe ngabathengi baseJalimane):
7. Isitifiketi se-GS Mark— evela enhlanganweni yokuhlola egunyazwe yi-DGUV, enenombolo yesitifiketi kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi lokuhlolwa kokuqapha okubonakala ngokucacile.
8. I-EN IEC 60335-2-9 I-Matrix Yokuhlola Ukuhambisana Okugcwele— ehlanganisa zonke izigaba zokuhlolwa eziyishumi eziphoqelekile ngemiphumela yokupasa/yokwehluleka kanye nedatha yokulinganisa, hhayi nje isitatimende esifingqiwe.
9. Ishidi Ledatha Lokuphepha Kwezinto Ezibalulekile (i-MSDS)— ye-alloy yentambo yokumelana, i-MgO insulation compound, kanye nezinto ze-sheath (Incoloy 800 noma i-SUS304), ehambisana nefomethi ye-EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex II.
10.Umbiko Wokuthobela Imithetho we-RoHS 3— ngento ngayinye efanayo, ehlanganisa zonke izinto eziyishumi ezinqunyelwe, ezivela elabhorethri egunyazwe yi-ISO 17025.
11.Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001 sasembonini— ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kwamanje nangaphakathi kokuqapha, kanye nobubanzi obuhlanganisa ngokusobala "ukuklama nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokushisa zikagesi."
12.Umbiko Wokuthwebula Izithombe Ezishisayo— okubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa lobuso emthwalweni olinganiselwe kakhulu, ngamanani okushisa ezindaweni zokulinganisa zegridi angadluli ku-50mm, njengoba kudingeka ngohlelo luka-2023 lwe-EN IEC 60335-2-9 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nobuso okufinyelelekayo.
Angikwazi ukugcizelela lokhu ngokweqile: ukuthunyelwa okungu-47, ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo okungu-47, akukho zindleko zokunciphisa intengo— futhi iphakheji yamadokhumenti engenhla yingakho.
Indlela iJingwei Heat Esekela Ngayo Ukuthobela Kwakho Ukungenisa KwaseJalimane
Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuthunyelwaizinto zokushisa ezenziwe ngokwezifisoKuma-OEM aseYurophu, ngakhe uhlelo lokusekela ukuhambisana nomthetho olususa izikhala zamadokhumenti ezibangela ukwenqatshwa kwe-port.Uma ufaka i-oda lezinto zokushisa ze-toaster oven eziya emakethe yaseJalimane, nakhu okwenzekayo eceleni kwethu ngaphambi kokuba isitsha siphume efektri yethu yaseShengzhou:
Okokuqala, sakha iphakheji yokuthobela imithetho yokuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ehlanganisa yonke imibhalo eyishumi nambili ebhalwe ngenhla — hhayi njengezifanekiso ezingenalutho, kodwa egcwele idatha yokuhlola yento yakho yokushisa ethile. Ukumelana nokushisa, amandla e-dielectric, kanye namanani wamanje okuvuza kuleyo phakheji kuvela eqenjini lokukhiqiza langempela, elihlolwe esiteshini sethu sokuhlola ukuphepha kukagesi esingaphakathi esilinganiswe nezindinganiso zokulandelela ze-IEC 17025.
Okwesibili, uma umthengi wakho waseJalimane edinga isitifiketi se-GS mark, ngisebenzisana ngqo nonjiniyela wesitifiketi se-TÜV noma se-VDE ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isampula yokuhlola uhlobo lwesampula ithathwe kumathuluzi okukhiqiza - hhayi kumathuluzi e-prototype - nokuthi imboni yethu ilungele ukuhlolwa kokuqala ngaphambi kokuba kufike umhloli.Ngenxa yokuthi ngidlule kule nqubo nezinhlangano ezintathu ezahlukene zokuqinisekisa eziqinisekiswe yi-DGUV, ngiyazi kahle ukuthi yimiphi imibiko yokuhlola abayibeka phambili nokuthi yimaphi amafomethi emibhalo abawamukelayo ngaphandle kwezicelo zokubuyekeza.
Okwesithathu, yonke into yokushisa ekuthunyelweni kwakho iqoshwe nge-laser ngekhodi yebhetshi ehlala njalo, isilinganiso se-voltage, isilinganiso samandla, kanye nophawu lwe-CE — hhayi olufakwe isitembu seyinki noma olunamathiselwe ilebula — ngoba abahloli bamasiko baseJalimane bazokwenqaba izingxenye lapho izimpawu zomthetho zingasuswa ngaphandle kokushiya umonakalo obonakalayo. Lesi sidingo sivela ngqo ku-Athikili 17 yoMthethonqubo (EC) No 765/2008, odinga ukuthi uphawu lwe-CE “lunamathiselwe ngokubonakalayo, ngokufundekayo, nangokungasuki.”
Mina mathupha ngike ngahamba esikhungweni sokuhlola i-TÜV SÜD eMunich, ngahlala emihlanganweni yesitifiketi se-VDE eFrankfurt, futhi ngaphikisana nabathengisi bentela baseHamburg ngo-3 ekuseni ngesikhathi saseBeijing ngenxa yokungafani kwamadokhumenti.Uma ungenisa izinto zokushisa eJalimane, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokunemba kwamaphepha kuyinto efanayo. Uma udinga usizo — isitsha sokuqala noma samashumi amahlanu —finyelelaSiyazi kahle ukuthi izingibe zikuphi.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe izinto zokushisa ze-toaster oven ezivela eShayina zidinga isitifiketi se-VDE ukuze zingene eJalimane?
Cha, isitifiketi se-VDE asiyona imfuneko esemthethweni yokungenisa izinto zokushisa eJalimane. Inani eliphansi elisemthethweni ukumaka kwe-CE ngaphansi kwe-LVD 2014/35/EU, okusekelwa yiSimemezelo Sokuvumelana esivumelekile. Kodwa-ke, uphawu lwe-GS — olungakhishwa yi-VDE, TÜV, noma i-DEKRA — luyinto enqumayo kwezentengiselwano ngoba izinqubomgomo eziningi zomshuwalense wekhishi lezentengiselwano zaseJalimane kanye nezinkontileka zokuthenga ziyakudinga ngokusobala. Ngaphandle kophawu lwe-GS, izinto zakho zokushisa zizongeniswa ngokusemthethweni kodwa zingathengiswa ngokwezentengiselwano emakethe ye-HORECA yesikhungo.
Yisiphi isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuba ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezifudumezayo kubanjwe emasikweni aseJalimane?
Ngokwami kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami kokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kwaseYurophu okungu-47, isizathu esivame kakhulu sokwenqatshwa yiSimemezelo Sokuvumelana esingaphelele noma esingafomethiwe kahle — ikakhulukazi, izinkomba ezijwayelekile ezivumelanisiwe ezingekho noma eziphelelwe yisikhathi, ikheli elingekho lommeleli ogunyaziwe we-EU, noma izimemezelo ezingasayiniwe. Esesibili esivame kakhulu ukumaka umkhiqizo okungahlangabezani nesidingo "esingasuki" ngaphansi koMthethonqubo (EC) No 765/2008 — izimpawu ezinesitembu sikayinki ezingasulwa ngesihlanzi se-solvent zizobangela ukuboshwa kwamakhasimende ngoba ukumaka kwe-CE kumele kuqhubeke namakhemikhali okuhlanza alindelekile asetshenziswa emakhishini okuhweba.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola isitifiketi se-GS mark kwi-heating element?
Inqubo ephelele yesitifiketi se-GS — kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kohlobo, ukuhlolwa kwefektri, kanye nokukhishwa kwesitifiketi — ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto angu-8-12 kusukela ekufakweni kwesicelo. Isikhathi singacindezelwa sibe amasonto ayi-6 uma ilabhorethri yokuhlola inolwazi olukhona ngesigaba sokuklama isakhi sokushisa futhi ifektri inesitifiketi samanje se-ISO 9001 esinobubanzi bokuhlola obuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwesakhi sokushisa. Ukuhlolwa kokuqapha kwaminyaka yonke ngemva kwalokho kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-2-3 endaweni.
Iyiphi ikhodi ye-HS okufanele ngiyisebenzisele izinto zokushisa i-oven ye-toaster?
Ikhodi ye-HS 8516.80 — “Ama-resistors okushisa kagesi” — uhlobo olufanele lwezinto zokushisa ze-toaster oven. Ungasebenzisi i-8516.90 (izingxenye zemishini ye-electrothermic), njengoba lokhu kubangela izinga lentela elihlukile ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-TARIC lwe-EU futhi kungabangela izicelo zokuhlelwa kabusha ezibambezela ukusulwa. Izinga lentela ngaphansi kwe-HS 8516.80 lokungeniswa kwempahla e-EU evela eShayina ngokuvamile liyi-2.7%, kodwa lokhu kungahluka ngokusekelwe ekuhlukanisweni kwekhodi yempahla ethile. Njalo qinisekisa izinga le-TARIC lamanje nomthengisi wakho wamasiko waseJalimane ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Ingabe uhlelo luka-2023 lwe-EN IEC 60335-2-9 ludinga ukuhlolwa okubuyekeziwe kwemiklamo yezinto zokushisa ezikhona?
Yebo — uhlelo lwango-2023 lwethule imikhawulo emisha yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezifinyelelekayo, kwabuyekezwa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okungajwayelekile kwama-toaster okuhlanganisa nezidingo zokulawula zesibili, kanye nokuhlolwa okusha kokulayisha ishalofu likahhavini. Noma yiliphi ifayela lesitifiketi sokuklama isici sokushisa (i-DCF) elibhekisela kuhlelo lwangaphambilini kumele libuyekezwe ngedatha yokuhlola ngaphansi kwezidingo zango-2023. Isikhathi sokushintsha kwezitifiketi ezikhona ngaphansi kohlelo olujwayelekile oludala ngokuvamile siphela ezinyangeni ezingama-24 ngemuva kosuku lokuvumelanisa uhlelo lwango-2023, okusho ukuthi ukuzala kuphele phakathi no-2025.
Ngingayisebenzisa yini i-SUS304 esikhundleni se-Incoloy 800 ukuze ngifake i-toaster yokuhweba ehovini yokufudumeza?
Yebo, i-SUS304 yanele ngokobuchwepheshe ezintweni zokushisa ze-toaster oven ezisebenza emazingeni okushisa e-sheath afinyelela ku-650°C, kuyilapho i-Incoloy 800 ilinganiselwe amazinga okushisa e-sheath afinyelela ku-800°C. Kuma-oven amaningi e-toaster okuhweba lapho izinga lokushisa le-sheath element yokushisa lifinyelela cishe ku-450-550°C, i-SUS304 yanele. Kodwa-ke, uma imininingwane yomjikelezo womsebenzi womthengi wakho waseJalimane idlula amahora angu-16 okusebenza okuqhubekayo kwansuku zonke, ngincoma kakhulu i-Incoloy 800 ngoba ukumelana kwe-oxidation kwe-SUS304 kuyawohloka ngokulinganisa ngemva kwamahora angaba ngu-12,000 emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-500°C — cishe iminyaka engu-2.3 yomjikelezo womsebenzi wekhishi lokuhweba — kuyilapho i-Incoloy 800 igcina ukumelana okuzinzile kwe-oxidation surface amahora angaphezu kuka-20,000 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.
Mayelana noMlobi
UJake
Umphathi Womkhiqizo, iShengzhou Jingwei Electric Heating Appliance Co., Ltd
UJake ubelokhu ephethe imigqa yemikhiqizo yezinto zokufudumeza kanye nokuhambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwe-Shengzhou Jingwei Electric Heating Appliance kusukela ngo-2016, eqondisa ukuthunyelwa kwamashubhu e-heater ancibilikisa iqhwa ngokwezifiso, izinto zokufudumeza ze-oven, izinto zokufudumeza ezifinniwe, amashubhu okushisa kagesi, izifudumezi zerabha ze-silicone, ama-heating pad e-silicone rubber, ama-crankcase heater, ama-drain line heater, ama-aluminium foil heater, kanye nama-aluminium heating plate kumakhasimende ezentengiselwano nawezimboni kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uqondise mathupha ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi se-GS mark nezinhlangano ezintathu zokuhlola eziqinisekiswe yi-DGUV futhi waphatha ukuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina angu-47 emakethe yaseJalimane ngesilinganiso sempumelelo yokukhishwa kwentela esingu-100%. Usebenza esikhungweni sokukhiqiza senkampani eShengzhou, eSifundazweni saseZhejiang, eShayina.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-09-2026